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2022.07.25

Uwhangchungsimwon, A Standardized Herbal Drug, Exerts an Anti-Depressive Effect in a Social Isolation Stress-Induced Mouse Model. Front. Pharmacol. 2020

Uwhangchungsimwon (UCW)
  • obtained from Kyoung-Bang Pharmacy (Incheon, South Korea, Lot. No. PLP 186-2017-7002).
  • The maximum dosage (400 mg/kg per day) was determined based on our preliminary experiment and the human clinical dose (3750 mg/adult). 
  • UCW was ground into powder and dissolved in distilled water.
  • The water-solved UCW was filtered through a Whatman filter paper (Advantec®, Tokyo, Japan).
Animals and Experimental Design
  • six groups (n = 8)
  • UCW treatment (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and fluoxetine treatment (20 mg/kg).
Sample Preparation
  • All mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia 24 h after the final behavioral test (OFT). 
  • For immunofluorescence staining, after transcardial perfusion, the whole brains from three mice of each group were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution
Open Field Test
  • UCW Alleviated Depressive-Like Behavior in the OFT
fluoxetine (20 mg/kg)
  • No statistical positive effect was observed for fluoxetine.
  •  fluoxetine had shown the significant effects in most of the results, but not in hippocampal GRs and serum level of corticosterone. We think that it might be caused by the inadequate dose of fluoxetine or sporadic errors in animal study.
Hippocampus
  • Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels in the hippocampus were measured
  • UCW Regulated the Decreased Activities of TPH2, 5-HT, BDNF, and CREB in the Hippocampus
  • UCW treatment significantly attenuated the GR relative intensity in the hippocampus.
  • Hippocampal neuron cells, especially in the area of CA1, express high level of GRs compared to the expression in other regions of the brain and are the principal target sites for glucocorticoid-associated neuronal cell death 
TPH2 is the key rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis 

Dorsal Raphe Nuclei
  • UCW Recovered the Decrease in 5-HT Relative Intensity in Dorsal Raphe Nuclei
  • Ninety percent of 5-HT is synthesized in the gastrointestinal track in the body, while the remaining 10% is synthesized in the brain, in particular by neurons of the DRN
dopamine and norepinephrine
  • The levels of other monoamines such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are known to be reduced in patients suffering from major depressive disorders (Christensen et al., 1980; Moret and Briley, 2011). Interestingly, our animal model showed notably high levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the hippocampus area (Figures 5B, C). This is a limitation of the current animal study as a depression model. The elevated levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the hippocampus could have resulted from the stress response, which was shown in several other animal stress models (Umriukhin et al., 2007).
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
  • UCW Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced GR Translocation Into Nucleus in PC12 Cells and HT22 Cells
  • Hippocampal neuron cells, especially in the area of CA1, express high level of GRs compared to the expression in other regions of the brain and are the principal target sites for glucocorticoid-associated neuronal cell death 


[우황청심원]





[GAD67]




[광동 원방우황청심원 Wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon KwangDong]





[추출법]

클로렐라 에탄올 추출물 내의 클로로필 a의 함량을 증진시키는 방법 (Method for enhancing chlorophyll a content in Chlorella ethanol extract)

  • 클로렐라로부터 클로로필(chlorophyll)을 추출하기 위해 일반적으로 사용하는 아세톤 또는 헥산 등의 친유성 용매는 유독성을 나타내므로 식품 산업에서 사용을 금지 또는 제한하는 규제 영역에 속한다. 
  • 이를 극복하기 위해 상대적으로 안정한 용매인 에탄올을 사용할 경우 강한 친유성 성질을 나타내지 않기 때문에 클로로필을 추출하는 데 있어 높은 효율성을 나타내지 못한다
  • 에탄올 용매로 추출하기 전에, 클로렐라 분말을 물에 침지하는 단계를 포함하여 클로렐라 분말이 서로 엉기지 않고, 수용액 상에 분산되어 에탄올이 침투할 수 있는 표면적을 극대화시킴으로써, 추출 효율을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 추출물 내의 클로로필 a의 함량을 증가시키는 방법이다. 또한, 본 발명의 클로렐라 에탄올 추출물의 제조방법은 유효성분인 클로로필 a의 함량이 증진된 조성물을 제조할 수 있으며, 독성 등의 문제를 야기할 수 있는 헥산 등의 유기용매를 사용하지 않고 에탄올을 추출용매로 이용하는 클로로필 추출물의 제조방법
  • (1) 클로렐라 동결건조 분말 100g에 대하여, 100 내지 200㎖의 비율로 물을 첨가하고, 33 내지 37℃의 온도 조건 하에서 2 내지 3시간 동안 침지하는 단계
  • (2) 상기 침지된 클로렐라 용액의 부피를 기준으로 30 내지 40배의 에탄올을 첨가하고, 30 내지 35℃의 온도 조건 하에서 3 내지 5시간 동안 교반 추출하는 단계

우황청심원액의제조방법 PROCESS FOR PREPARING A MEDICINE CONTAINING OX BEZOAR FOR CARDIAC FEVER 

  1. 수용성 유기용매로는 메탄올, 에탄올, 푸로판올, 이소푸로판올 또는 2-부탄올등을 단독 또는 2종이상물과 혼합하여 사용하며, 이들 중 에탄올이 가장 바람직하다.
  2. 수용성 유기용매와 정제수의 혼합용제는 메탄올, 에탄올, 푸로판올, 이소푸로판올 또는 부탄올의 수용성 유기용매와 정제수의 혼합용제를 사용함을 특징으로 하는 방법.


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Fast onset of action and the analgesic and sedative efficacy of essential oil from Rhizoma Chuanxiong after nasal administration. Pharmazie. 2010 Chuanxiong had faster onset of action as well as better analgesic and sedative efficacy after i.n. administration than given orally. Oil was collected from the condenser, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the recorded yield of the sample was 0.25% Sedative and anticonvulsant activities of styrax after oral and intranasal administration in mice. Pharm Biol. 2011 styrax had faster onset of action (5 vs. 30 min) and better anticonvulsant efficacy (25, 50 vs. 100, 200 mg/kg) by intranasal route in comparison with that by intragastric route. vehicle (3% Tween 80)  Locomotor activity  Locomotor activity was determined in each mouse after extract administration.  Prior to assay, mice were placed into a locomotor monitoring cage and allowed to habituate to the cage for 5min (0–5min after the administration).  Each mouse was ...
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