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Fast onset of action and the analgesic and sedative efficacy of essential oil from Rhizoma Chuanxiong after nasal administration. Pharmazie. 2010 Chuanxiong had faster onset of action as well as better analgesic and sedative efficacy after i.n. administration than given orally. Oil was collected from the condenser, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the recorded yield of the sample was 0.25% Sedative and anticonvulsant activities of styrax after oral and intranasal administration in mice. Pharm Biol. 2011 styrax had faster onset of action (5 vs. 30 min) and better anticonvulsant efficacy (25, 50 vs. 100, 200 mg/kg) by intranasal route in comparison with that by intragastric route. vehicle (3% Tween 80)  Locomotor activity  Locomotor activity was determined in each mouse after extract administration.  Prior to assay, mice were placed into a locomotor monitoring cage and allowed to habituate to the cage for 5min (0–5min after the administration).  Each mouse was ...

 Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting Commonly used animals in intranasal drug administration studie

Behavioral T._Time of Day Of the 200 papers examined in the new study, more than half either failed to report the timing of behavioral testing or did so ambiguously. Only 20 percent reported nighttime testing.  Many Mouse Studies Happen at the Wrong Time of Day. scientificamerican. 2021 Time-of-day as a critical biological variable. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2021 If you do decide to run them during the evening hours, you should be careful with how you do it. I wouldn't recommend waiting until their nighttime and testing them under bright white lights - that can cause some problems with the animals' circadian rhythms and may cause any number of unexpected effects. You could test them under red light (which they can't see) and it shouldn't cause any problems, though. Pehrson, Alan. (2014). 

Resting Time Between Behavioral Test refer to:  What Is The Optimum Resting Time Between Behavioral Tasks? The exact days needed for an animal to recover is unknown and not officially set. A general suggestion would be to wait a minimum of 3 days before administering the next behavioral test to an animal. Given that it is not always practical and realistic to wait for one or even two weeks before exposing the animal to the next behavioral task, the researcher should consider applying the most common resting time found in the references. A reduction in the inter-test interval does not have a significant effect on the performance of the subjects on the various tests, except only the performance of the animals on the open-field test. This difference in the open-field results signifies that the neurological test is a rather stressful experience for the animals and should be avoided or if needed it should be performed at the end of a battery. The use of behavioral test batteries, II: e...

High-fat diet *(diabetes, obesity) and Psychiatric comorbidity #mouse #herb Effects of a high-fat diet and bamboo extract supplement on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviours in mice. 2012 #mechanism High-Fat Diet-Induced Anxiety and Anhedonia: Impact on Brain Homeostasis and Inflammation. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 #mechanism High fat diet-induced obesity leads to depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice via AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. 2022 #rat #cognition High-fat diet-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats attenuated by peel extract.2021

Intranasal ginsenoside Rb1 targets the brain and ameliorates cerebral ischemia /reperfusion injury in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(8):1319-24. Right after the onset of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ( MCAO ), the GRb1 group received intranasal GRb1 (1.25 mg/kg or 12.5 mg/kg) However, its bioavailability is low after oral administration due to poor absorption. Ginsenoside Rb1 was administrated intranasally at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. First, the concentration of GRb1 in brain tissues and plasma after intranasal and intravenous delivery was calculated using HPLC-MS/MS methods in male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±10 g).  Intranasal GRb1 was considered brain-targeting if the value of the drug targeting index (DTI) was greater than 1.  After intranasal administration, drugs can be directly transported from the nasal cavity to the CNS via the olfactory neuroepithelium and trigeminal nerve system. Besides, drugs may also be quickly absorbed into circulation due to the large absorption ar...

Anxiolytic effect and tissue distribution of inhaled Alpinia zerumbet essential oil in mice. Nat Prod Commun. 2010  #Tadaaki Satou  #AZEO inhalation was started 90 min prior to the LD, OF and EPM #Tissue distribution Alpha-Pinene accumulated in the brain at almost the same rate as in the liver. However, the oil components chiefly accumulated in the kidney.  After the observations ended on the third day (EPM), the mice were euthanized by carbon dioxide gas and the internal organs (blood, liver, kidney, brain) collected. These were processed without drainage and extracted with n-hexane by sonication. The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS under the above-mentioned conditions.  The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass).  J Ethnopharmacol. 2011  #vehicle  The behavioral data did not differ among the animals that received the three vehicle solutions – Tween (TW), saline and water – (da...

Ellagic acid protects mice against sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment and anxiety by inhibiting TLR4 and activating Nrf2. Aging (Albany NY). 2020  #hippocampus & sleep deprivation the hippocampal region of the brain appears to be more susceptible to SD than other areas.  #glutamate (Glu) & sleep deprivation the median concentrations of glutamate (Glu) were higher during SD compared to baseline in rats [7].  Glu generates oxidative stress by various mechanisms, which leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The abnormal production of ROS causes oxidation of biological macromolecules and the expression of inflammatory mediators and genes, ultimately leading to an increase in the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. #Behavioral test Schedule n=12 per group b ehavioral tests were carried out after 24 hours of SD (Morris water maze training began on day 18). Following the behavioral tests, the mice were sacrificed for biomarker assays....

Uwhangchungsimwon, A Standardized Herbal Drug, Exerts an Anti-Depressive Effect in a Social Isolation Stress-Induced Mouse Model. Front. Pharmacol. 2020 Uwhangchungsimwon (UCW) obtained from Kyoung-Bang Pharmacy (Incheon, South Korea, Lot. No. PLP 186-2017-7002). The maximum dosage (400 mg/kg per day) was determined based on our preliminary experiment and the human clinical dose (3750 mg/adult).  UCW was ground into powder and dissolved in distilled water. The water-solved UCW was filtered through a Whatman filter paper (Advantec®, Tokyo, Japan). Animals and Experimental Design six groups (n = 8) UCW treatment (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and fluoxetine treatment (20 mg/kg). Sample Preparation All mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia 24 h after the final behavioral test (OFT).  For immunofluorescence staining, after transcardial perfusion , the whole brains from three mice of each group were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution Open Field Test UCW Alleviated Depressive-Li...

Effect of Hibiscus syriacus Linnaeus extract and its active constituent, saponarin, in animal models of stress-induced sleep disturbances and pentobarbital-induced sleep. 2022 2.12. Piezoelectric monitoring To reconfirm the sleep improvement effect of HSF extract after EEG recording, a noninvasive automatic sleep/awakening scoring system (PiezoSleep, Signal Solutions, LLC) was applied to the mice. Each animal was placed in a customized clear acrylic open-floor cage, and sleep rates were recorded by the piezoelectric floor pad under the cage. The recording room maintained fixed light/dark cycles, temperature, and humidity, and the experimenter had restricted access. After 1 week of restraint stress, the mice were immediately placed in an acrylic cage with a piezoelectric sensor, and their activity was recorded for 24 h starting at approximately 6 p.m. The records of light/dark sleep rates, hourly sleep rates, sleep durations, etc. were analyzed using the SleepStats2p18 software (Signal ...

Odor blocking of stress hormone responses. Sci Rep. 2022 Restraint Mice were placed individually in a restrainer (a transparent plastic cylinder)27 located in their home cage for 10 min. The restrainer had a hole in the end near the tip of the animal’s nose. A piece of filter paper (1.5 × 2 cm) with absorbed 50 µL of odorant or VEH (water or DMSO) was placed in the cage near the hole in the cylinder. Predator odor Mice were exposed to a predator odor or distilled water as described previously15. A piece of filter paper (impregnated with 50 µL of 85 mM 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) (Contech) diluted in water) was dropped gently into one end of the home cage. Animals were exposed to filter paper for 10 min. For analysis of c-Fos expression in CRH neurons, adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to water or 2PE with restraint for 10 min and then perfused 50 min later. Effects of Olfactory Stimulation with Aroma Oils on Psychophysiological Responses of Female Adults Int J Envir...

#부드러움 #여유로움 #도전  

[기억할 것] research question을 설정하고 그에 대답할 수 있는 실험조건을 설계하는 것이 중요하다. 실험조건을 따져보고 결과를 예상하는 것은 그다음이다.  경직되지 말자. 1년 52주  [research question] Rapid-acting? Rapid-acting mechanism?  long-lasting/sustained effect? repeated?  Synergy? Drug resistance model? [Article] Antidepressant effects of combination of brexpiprazole and fluoxetine on depression-like behavior and dendritic changes in mice after inflammation. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017 #rapid acting #LPS model (0.5 mg/kg)) A combination of brexpiprazole and fluoxetine could promote a rapid antidepressant effect in an inflammation model of depression fluoxetine alone did not show an antidepressant effect.  #fluoxetine # p.o. #no effect fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) plus brexpiprazole (0.1 mg/kg) were administered orally. The doses of brexpiprazole (0.1 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) were selected as reported previously. #model #schedule  #문일수 #BDNF ↑or↓ inflammation decreases BDNF in the hippocampus and PFC, but ...

[기억할 것] 기계 욕심을 부리지 말자. 협업으로 극복하자. learned helplessness model 나에게 친절하자. 운동, 휴식, 가꾸기 등 잘하려고 경직되지 말자.  실험 디자인 기록을 해놓자. 중요한 것과 중요하지 않은 것이 구별된다.  기업: 연구지원기업, 맞춤형 향기업 [마무리할 것] SPS KNU prolonged SDS Dr. oh. 해부과정. 전문가초빙. cortex,  amygdala, hippocampus [Article] Beneficial effects of prolonged 2-phenylethyl alcohol inhalation on chronic distress-induced anxio-depressive-like phenotype in female mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2022 #Animal model the beneficial effect of PEA is restricted to the existence of pathological traits  It has been shown that naive male C57BL/6 mice are unresponsive to chronic fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor used in the treatment of depression, but the CORT-induced activation of stress circuitry is sufficient to reveal its therapeutic action in this typically unresponsive strain #Duration most animal studies focusing on rose odor essential oil effects, or its active constituents, have been carried out in naive animals dur...